{"id":1461,"date":"2012-06-27T22:39:54","date_gmt":"2012-06-27T20:39:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ciunczyk.com\/wordpress\/?p=1461"},"modified":"2012-07-01T09:34:08","modified_gmt":"2012-07-01T07:34:08","slug":"silnik-dlaczego-taki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fayka.pl\/?p=1461","title":{"rendered":"Silnik&#8230; dlaczego taki&#8230;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Na jachtach \u017caglowych, jak sama nazwa tych\u017ce wskazuje, najwa\u017cniejsz\u0105 rzecz\u0105 jest silnik. No mo\u017ce prawie najwa\u017cniejsz\u0105, wa\u017cna jest lod\u00f3wka by schodzi\u0107 piwko, du\u017cy telewizor, system audio Harman &#8211; Kardon, koniecznie dwa ko\u0142a sterowe by z kokpitu mo\u017cna by\u0142o wygodnie skaka\u0107 do wody no i wmontowane w pok\u0142ad sk\u0142adane le\u017caki do opalania (tak tak widzia\u0142em taki bajer).<\/p>\n<p>Ale tak na powa\u017cnie, to silnik jest cholernie wa\u017cny. Bez niego na jachcie 40 st\u00f3p nie wjedziemy do portu. A jak jednak wjedziemy na \u017caglach to nas odstrzel\u0105. Tak mieli\u015bmy w Portugalii, gdy okaza\u0142o si\u0119 po dniu, \u017ce akumulator (by\u0142 tylko jeden) wytrzymuje dwa rozruchy silnika i sam roz\u0142adowuje si\u0119 po 10-ciu godzinach. Wjechali\u015bmy do mariny w g\u0142\u0119bi rzeki, z ko\u0144cem przyp\u0142ywu na \u017caglach. Wzbudzaj\u0105c sensacj\u0119 i bieganin\u0119 ca\u0142ej obs\u0142ugi portu. Nomen omen wcze\u015bniej nie chcieli nam podes\u0142a\u0107 kogo\u015b, kto by nas wyci\u0105gn\u0105\u0142 na sznurku.<\/p>\n<p>Silnik jak nic innego wzbudza wiele emocji. Co \u017ceglarz to opinia, ten cacy, ten be, tamten ok, a owamten do bani, tylko X, nigdy wi\u0119cej Y&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Ale co\u015b trzeba jednak wybra\u0107&#8230; Na pytanie dlaczego wybra\u0142em Volvo Penta D2-55 jest kilka odpowiedzi. Postaram si\u0119 wyt\u0142umaczy\u0107 ze swojej decyzji:<\/p>\n<p>Po pierwsze moc tego silnika &#8211; 55 koni mechanicznych. Kierowa\u0142em si\u0119 tu zaleceniami konstruktora. Paul napisa\u0142 na ten temat fajny artyku\u0142. Generalnie dotyczy on dobierania mocy silnika do jachtu metod\u0105 &#8222;na ch\u0142opski rozum&#8221; ca\u0142y wywodzik liczy trzy strony i sprowadza si\u0119 do regu\u0142y cztery konie na ton\u0119 wyporno\u015bci i ani miliwata wi\u0119cej. Wyporno\u015b\u0107 Fayki to oko\u0142o po zatankowaniu i za\u0142adowaniu 13-14 ton, czyli moc 52-56 koni. Zatem wybrany przeze mnie silnik pod wzgl\u0119dem mocy jest idealny. Dlaczego nie wi\u0119cej zapytacie. Ot\u00f3\u017c jachty \u017caglowe to nie motor\u00f3wki, one nie wejd\u0105 w slizg, nie pop\u0142yn\u0105 szybciej ni\u017c pr\u0119dko\u015b\u0107 konstrukcyjna kad\u0142uba. Do jej osi\u0105gni\u0119cia na p\u0142askiej wodzie bez wiatru wystarczy jeden ko\u0144 mechaniczny na ton\u0119 wyporno\u015bci. Przy wzburzonym morzu, powinno wystarczy\u0107 3 konie na ton\u0119. Ale dzisiaj z du\u017cym alternatorem, poborem pr\u0105du troch\u0119 wi\u0119cej nie zawadzi &#8211; st\u0105d 4hp\/T.<br \/>\nWi\u0119cej nie ma sensu, a wr\u0119cz jest szkodliwe. Wynika to z natury silnik\u00f3w diesla. Do zachowania trwa\u0142o\u015bci silnik diesla MUSI pracowa\u0107 pod obci\u0105\u017ceniem. Bez obci\u0105\u017cenia nie ma dobrego smarowania i b\u0142yskawicznie nast\u0119puje zu\u017cycie pier\u015bcieni, zawor\u00f3w, wtryskiwaczy. Nie do\u015b\u0107, \u017ce silnik by\u0142 dro\u017cszy, zajmuje wi\u0119cej miejsca, bardziej ha\u0142asuje &#8211; to jeszcze pod dw\u00f3ch latach jest do remontu. St\u0105d graniczna moc 4 hp\/T. Tak na marginesie to wyprawowy jacht Selma Expeditions p\u0142ywaj\u0105cy w Tierra del Fuego, na Antarktyd\u0119 i inne ambitne regiony ma przy wyporno\u015bci ok 30 ton silnik Perkins&#8217;a o mocy 122km &#8211; dok\u0142adnie 4 hp\/T.<\/p>\n<p>Po drugie marka. Tu kierowa\u0142em si\u0119 swoim osobistym do\u015bwiadczeniem. Nie jestem bardzo do\u015bwiadczonym \u017ceglarzem. Ale p\u0142ywa\u0142em na co najmniej dwudziestu pi\u0119ciu jachtach. Z tego pewnie z sze\u015b\u0107 lub siedem mia\u0142o w\u0142a\u015bnie taki silnik. Bardzo go lubi\u0119. Za reagowanie, kultur\u0119 pracy, cicho\u015b\u0107. Nigdy te\u017c nie mia\u0142em z nimi najmniejszego problemu technicznego. Ale podkre\u015blam z ca\u0142\u0105 stanowczo\u015bci\u0105 jest to tylko i wy\u0142\u0105cznie moje subiektywne odczucie.<\/p>\n<p>Po trzecie trwa\u0142o\u015b\u0107. Kr\u0105\u017c\u0105 r\u00f3\u017cne zdania o tych silnikach. Pewnie troch\u0119 nap\u0119dzane og\u00f3ln\u0105 opini\u0105 o schodz\u0105cej na psy marce Volvo. Silnik D2-55 jest silnikiem produkowanym dla Volvo Penta przez Perkins&#8217;a od dwudziestu lat. Przy pojemno\u015bci 2,2 litra i czterech cylindrach ma moc 55 koni &#8211; wi\u0119c nie jest wcale wysilony. Konstrukcja jest prosta, sprawdzona bez turbo, bez intercooler, u mnie z cich\u0105 hydrauliczn\u0105 skrzyni\u0105 bieg\u00f3w. Jak niekt\u00f3rzy z Was wiedz\u0105 mamy z bratem firm\u0119 wynajmuj\u0105c\u0105 podno\u015bniki no\u017cycowe i koszowe. W spalinowych podno\u015bnikach kt\u00f3rych mamy ponad dwadzie\u015bcia s\u0105 silniki Hatz. A to s\u0105 dok\u0142adnie takie same Perkins&#8217;y jak m\u00f3j tylko kr\u00f3tsze o jeden cylinder. Korpus i osprz\u0119t s\u0105 identyczne. Te silniki s\u0105 nie do zabicia. \u0141atwe w naprawie, a na budowach pracuj\u0105 w ekstremalnych warunkach przy u\u017cytkownikach niezbyt dbaj\u0105cych o ich nale\u017cyt\u0105 obs\u0142ug\u0119. Oczywi\u015bcie m\u00f3wi\u0105c eufemistycznie. A zadbany na jachcie powinien pracowa\u0107 d\u0142ugo i bezawaryjne.<\/p>\n<p>Po czwarte sie\u0107 serwisu. Do tej pory nie p\u0142ywa\u0142em po totalnych zadupiach, ale pami\u0119tam porty na Wyspach Owczych, na Jo\u0144skich, w Maroku, w Argentynie, w Chile. Europy nie wspominam. Wsz\u0119dzie widzia\u0142em tabliczki Volvo Penta Service&#8230;. mi to wystarczy \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n<p>Po pi\u0105te, bo ju\u017c kupi\u0142em i po sprawie.<\/p>\n<p>Tym razem bardzo gor\u0105co zapraszam do komentowania. Jaka jest wasza opinia na ten temat. Oczywi\u015bcie nie dla mnie &#8211; ja motorek ju\u017c mam, ale warto napisa\u0107 &#8222;pro publico bono&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Pozdrawiam ze stoczni.<\/p>\n<p>PS jutro nie b\u0119dzie piankowania. Pan z firmy piankujacej postanowi\u0142 da\u0107 na jeszcze troch\u0119 czasu&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Wn\u0119trze czeka na piankowanie, instalacje rozci\u0105gni\u0119te peszele przymocowane, \u015bcianki porobione, w przysz\u0142ym tygodniu Marek doko\u0144czy okna. Piankowanie zapi\u0119te na sztywno na 11 lipca.<\/p>\n<p>=========<br \/>\nUaktualnienie z 1 lipca. Paul pozwoli\u0142 mi na publikacj\u0119 swojego artyku\u0142u. Oto on:<br \/>\n=========<\/p>\n<p>ENGINE SIZE (a rule of thumb guide)<\/p>\n<p>By Paul Fay<\/p>\n<p>There are many different theories of how to calculate the engine requirements for each vessel. However, these are often so complicated that they are virtually useless to us yachtsmen, requiring a maths degree or a dedicated computer programme to even begin to understand them. This has left the yachtsman with a lot of misunderstanding, regarding the correct amount of power, or size of engine needed to drive their yacht. In fact many yachtsmen seem to believe that the bigger the engine they fit the faster their yacht will move. This belief probably stems from their dealings with motor vehicles where this is largly true.<\/p>\n<p>Listen in nearly any yacht club and you will eventually hear one of the members proclaiming how he needed every one of his yachts enormous number of horsepower to get him home on time. How although the designer recommends an engine of 'x&#8217; size, the owner knew better and fitted one twice the size. And wasn&#8217;t he right to do so! He says knowingly, especially in these waters; he&#8217;s had to use his engine so much in the last two seasons that it&#8217;s worn out. Needs a new set of piston rings! <\/p>\n<p>And he doesn\u2019t know what the designer was doing when he recommended that propeller. The 'member&#8217; feels sure his yacht needs a bigger one!<br \/>\nWell folks, there are some things that don\u2019t change. The relationship between the load and the effort required to move that load has never changed. In our case the load is comprised of several things \u2013 these are the weight of the yacht, the wetted area, how foul the bottom of the yacht is, the windage, the state of the sea and the waterline length, or wave making ability of the hull.<\/p>\n<p>All of these are slightly variable, but this does not make it difficult to calculate the average load for yachts in general.<\/p>\n<p>The size of the engine (i.e. the effort), that is required to move these loads is also slightly varied by the efficiency of transferring the available power into the water. This is altered by the revolutions per minute of the engine, the gearbox ratio and the size and number of blades of the propeller.<br \/>\nOne thing that is not variable is the fact that engines are designed to work efficiently and last longest by being used in the correct way. This is especially true of the Diesel engine. If you run a diesel improperly, in this case at very light loads, the bore will glaze and there will be a loss of compression. It will quickly need a new set of rings and a glaze-breaker running down the bore before the new rings are fitted. (A glaze-breaker is a set of stones, which re-hone the surface of the bore). <\/p>\n<p>For yachts, there are certain 'rules of thumb&#8217;. If you look in the old textbooks there are 'rules of thumb&#8217; for everything from anchor sizes to mast thickness, from the size of a bunk to the sail area needed for each vessel.<\/p>\n<p>In this case the 'rule of thumb&#8217; says this: &#8211; For an average cruising yacht to make good speed in flat calm conditions ONE horsepower for each ton of vessel is needed. If the yacht is required to go well into the wind and a head sea then THREE horsepower for each ton is needed. This was based on a yacht being expected to average approximately three quarters of its hull speed while under power and having a properly matched propeller. With today\u2019s faster pace of living and the necessity of arriving on time, more is expected.<\/p>\n<p>Also today, there are other things that alter the size of engine that is required. These are the additional loads that you may want to apply which include a high power alternator and refrigeration compressor.<\/p>\n<p>With these additional loads and the fact that many owners now expect their yacht to be capable of travelling at maximum hull speed, some designers are recommending engines of up to 5hp per ton of vessel. Nevertheless, this is very high as it will be rare for the yacht to be motoring flat out into a strong wind and a head-sea; whilst at the same time running the fridge compressor, charging the batteries at maximum and so using the full potential of the engine. A more efficient figure for the modern sailor is probably around FOUR horsepower per ton. This will power the yacht at close to maximum hull speed and allow a margin for fitting a high capacity alternator and fridge compressor. On the other hand there will not be so much excess power that the engine is constantly running at a light load and damaging the engine.<\/p>\n<p>All the big engine and propeller manufacturers have computer programmes to match all the variables and recommend the best combination for each vessel. Some of them will do a free check of your yacht with their programme, obviously in the hope of eventually making a sale.<\/p>\n<p>Whether you are just listening to the 'member&#8217; in the club, thinking of purchasing a new yacht, or are going to re-engine your existing yacht, the 'rule of thumb&#8217; of around FOUR horsepower per ton gives a remarkably good guide that things are correct.<\/p>\n<p>Our 'member&#8217; has made a classic mistake, he has not only wasted cash by buying an engine that is too big, but he will regularly have expensive maintenance bills due to the inefficient use of his engine. All this can be avoided by listening to the experts, safe in the knowledge that their figures should be a close match to the 'rule of thumb&#8217;.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a9 Paul Fay 2001<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Na jachtach \u017caglowych, jak sama nazwa tych\u017ce wskazuje, najwa\u017cniejsz\u0105 rzecz\u0105 jest silnik. No mo\u017ce prawie najwa\u017cniejsz\u0105, wa\u017cna jest lod\u00f3wka by schodzi\u0107 piwko, du\u017cy telewizor, system audio Harman &#8211; Kardon, koniecznie dwa ko\u0142a sterowe by z kokpitu mo\u017cna by\u0142o wygodnie skaka\u0107 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fayka.pl\/?p=1461\">Czytaj dalej <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1461","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gotowe"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fayka.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1461","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fayka.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fayka.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fayka.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fayka.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1461"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.fayka.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1461\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fayka.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1461"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fayka.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1461"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fayka.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1461"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}